![]() The immediate symptoms may last a few days to a few weeks and may overlap with the outward adjustment stage.Īccording to Scarse, there is no "typical" response amongst rape victims. Durations vary as to the amount of time the victim may remain in the acute stage. The acute stage occurs in the days or weeks after a rape. RTS identifies three stages of psychological trauma a rape survivor goes through: the acute stage, the outer adjustment stage, and the renormalization stage. It has also been found that rape survivors are at high risk for developing substance use disorders, major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and other disorders. These feelings may subside over time for some people however, individually each syndrome can have long devastating effects on rape victims and some victims will continue to experience some form of psychological distress for months or years. As might be expected, a person who has been raped will generally experience high levels of distress immediately afterward. ![]() ![]() The symptoms of RTS and post-traumatic stress syndrome overlap. RTS paved the way for consideration of complex post-traumatic stress disorder, which can more accurately describe the consequences of protracted trauma than post-traumatic stress disorder alone. While most research into RTS has focused on female victims, sexually abused males (whether by male or female perpetrators) also exhibit RTS symptoms. RTS is a cluster of psychological and physical signs, symptoms and reactions common to most rape victims immediately following a rape, but which can also occur for months or years afterwards. The theory was first described by nurse Ann Wolbert Burgess and sociologist Lynda Lytle Holmstrom in 1974. Rape trauma syndrome ( RTS) is the psychological trauma experienced by a rape survivor that includes disruptions to normal physical, emotional, cognitive, and interpersonal behavior. Psychological trauma experienced by a rape victim Rape
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